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567 lines
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Markdown
---
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type: document
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title: IF11352
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file: ../IF11352.pdf
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tags:
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- CRS_Reports
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docDate: 2022-01-07
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contentType: application/pdf
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contentLength: 514152
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sha256sum: 718547e672ffd23efe7ec99b48d1bfed869a29bdc9ed78ace176676a2dab2cf7
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sha1sum: 7cda9aacbac9aa6540ed35d99a5396591cbdb73c
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---
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https://crsreports.congress.gov
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Updated January 7, 2022
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The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund:
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||
|
||
Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress
|
||
|
||
Coal mining and production in the United States in the 20th
|
||
century contributed to the nation meeting its energy
|
||
requirements and left a legacy of unreclaimed lands. As
|
||
amended, Title IV of the Surface Mining Control and
|
||
Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) authorized federal
|
||
funding to reclaim coal mining sites that operated prior to
|
||
enactment to which no other federal or state laws applied.
|
||
Sites that remain unreclaimed may continue to pose hazards
|
||
to public health, safety, and the environment. The
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund, established under
|
||
Section 401 of SMCRA, provides funding to eligible states
|
||
and tribes for the reclamation of surface mining impacts
|
||
associated with historical mining of coal. Title IV of
|
||
SMCRA authorized the collection of fees on the production
|
||
of coal. On November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure
|
||
Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58) reauthorized
|
||
the coal reclamation fees through the end of FY2034, at
|
||
reduced rates. The use of this funding is limited to the
|
||
reclamation of coal mining sites abandoned or unreclaimed
|
||
as of August 3, 1977 (date of SMCRA enactment). Title V
|
||
of SMCRA authorized the regulation of coal mining sites
|
||
operating after the law’s enactment. Coal mining sites
|
||
regulated under Title V are ineligible for grants from the
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund. SMCRA mandated
|
||
that coal mine operators regulated under Title V are
|
||
responsible for providing financial assurance for
|
||
completing site reclamation. The Office of Surface Mining
|
||
Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) within the
|
||
Department of the Interior is the federal office responsible
|
||
for administering SMCRA in coordination with eligible
|
||
states and tribes.
|
||
|
||
Reclamation Eligibility
|
||
Title IV of SMCRA limits funding eligibility to sites where
|
||
lands and waters have been affected by coal mining sites
|
||
abandoned or unreclaimed prior to the enactment of
|
||
SMCRA and for which there is no continuing reclamation
|
||
responsibility under other federal or state laws. The scope
|
||
of reclamation broadly includes activities to address public
|
||
health and safety issues and environmental restoration of
|
||
affected lands and waters that have been degraded by coal
|
||
mining activities. Section 403 prioritizes reclamation
|
||
according to public health, safety, and environmental
|
||
hazards. For example, safety hazards may include unstable
|
||
embankments or damaged infrastructure due to land
|
||
subsidence. The geographic scope of the site may be larger
|
||
than where the coal was mined, because it includes the
|
||
affected lands and waters.
|
||
|
||
Unfunded Reclamation Costs
|
||
States and tribes report incurred and estimated future
|
||
reclamation costs to OSMRE for Abandoned Mine Land
|
||
(AML) projects. Estimates of unfunded reclamation costs
|
||
|
||
may vary by the problem types among sites and the severity
|
||
of hazards. According to OSMRE, the states and tribes have
|
||
estimated total unfunded costs for the reclamation of
|
||
eligible sites of approximately $11.5 billion to date. States
|
||
and tribes periodically update estimates of unfunded
|
||
reclamation costs as site conditions or the understandings of
|
||
these conditions may change and as new sites may be
|
||
identified.
|
||
|
||
State and Tribal Reclamation Programs
|
||
Pursuant to Section 405 of SMCRA, states and tribes must
|
||
first obtain OSMRE approval of their reclamation programs
|
||
to be eligible for grants from the Abandoned Mine
|
||
Reclamation Fund. The grants are distributed among
|
||
eligible states and tribes based on a statutory formula to
|
||
calculate their respective shares of annual coal reclamation
|
||
fee receipts based on current and historical coal production.
|
||
States with greater historical coal production generally have
|
||
more reclamation needs to address affected lands and
|
||
waters. A total of 25 coal production states and three tribes
|
||
with federally approved mine reclamation programs are
|
||
eligible for these grants.
|
||
|
||
Certification
|
||
Section 411 of SMCRA authorizes OSMRE to certify a
|
||
state or tribe once it demonstrates that it has reclaimed all
|
||
of its priority abandoned coal mining sites. Five states and
|
||
three tribes are certified: Crow Tribe, Hopi Tribe,
|
||
Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Navajo Nation, Texas,
|
||
and Wyoming. Since FY2008, certified states and tribes
|
||
receive state and tribal share payments from the General
|
||
Fund in lieu of the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund.
|
||
|
||
States with OSMRE-approved coal reclamation programs
|
||
that have not reclaimed all of their priority abandoned coal
|
||
mining sites are uncertified states. Twenty states are
|
||
uncertified: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois,
|
||
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, New
|
||
Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,
|
||
Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia. The
|
||
remaining states either did not have historical coal
|
||
production or have not established an OSMRE-approved
|
||
state program.
|
||
|
||
UMWA Health and Pension Benefit
|
||
Plans
|
||
In addition to employer contributions, Title IV of SMCRA
|
||
authorizes two sources of federal financial assistance for
|
||
three United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) plans that
|
||
provide health benefits for coal mine worker retirees:
|
||
interest transfers from the Abandoned Mine Reclamation
|
||
Fund and payments from the General Fund of the U.S.
|
||
Treasury, which supplement the interest transfers. None of
|
||
|
||
SX Informing the legislative debate since 1914
|
||
|
||
Congressional Research Service
|
||
|
||
Updated January 7, 2022
|
||
|
||
The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund:
|
||
Issues and Legislation in the 117 Congress
|
||
|
||
Coal mining and production in the United States in the 20"
|
||
century contributed to the nation meeting its energy
|
||
requirements and left a legacy of unreclaimed lands. As
|
||
amended, Title IV of the Surface Mining Control and
|
||
Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) authorized federal
|
||
funding to reclaim coal mining sites that operated prior to
|
||
‘enactment to which no other federal or state laws applied.
|
||
Sites that remain unreclaimed may continue to pose hazards
|
||
to public health, safety, and the environment. The
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund, established under
|
||
Section 401 of SMCRA, provides funding to eligible states
|
||
and tribes for the reclamation of surface mining impacts
|
||
associated with historical mining of coal. Title IV of
|
||
SMCRA authorized the collection of fees on the production
|
||
of coal. On November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure
|
||
Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58) reauthorized
|
||
the coal reclamation fees through the end of FY2034, at
|
||
reduced rates. The use of this funding is limited to the
|
||
reclamation of coal mining sites abandoned or unreclaimed
|
||
as of August 3, 1977 (date of SMCRA enactment). Title V
|
||
‘of SMCRA authorized the regulation of coal mining sites,
|
||
‘operating after the law’s enactment, Coal mining sites
|
||
regulated under Title V are ineligible for grants from the
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund. SMCRA mandated
|
||
that coal mine operators regulated under Title V are
|
||
responsible for providing financial assurance for
|
||
completing site reclamation. The Office of Surface Mining
|
||
Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) within the
|
||
Department of the Interior is the federal office responsible
|
||
for administering SMCRA in coordination with eligible
|
||
states and tribes.
|
||
|
||
Reclamation Eligibility
|
||
Title TV of SMCRA limits funding eligibility to sites where
|
||
lands and waters have been affected by coal mining sites
|
||
abandoned or unreclaimed prior to the enactment of
|
||
SMCRA and for which there is no continuing reclamation,
|
||
responsibility under other federal or state laws. The scope
|
||
of reclamation broadly includes activities to address public
|
||
health and safety issues and environmental restoration of
|
||
affected lands and waters that have been degraded by coal
|
||
‘mining activities. Section 403 prioritizes reclamation
|
||
according to public health, safety, and environmental
|
||
hazards. For example, safety hazards may include unstable
|
||
‘embankments or damaged infrastructure due to land
|
||
subsidence. The geographic scope of the site may be larger
|
||
than where the coal was mined, because it includes the
|
||
affected lands and waters.
|
||
|
||
Unfunded Reclamation Costs
|
||
|
||
States and tribes report incurred and estimated future
|
||
reclamation costs to OSMRE for Abandoned Mine Land
|
||
(AML) projects. Estimates of unfunded reclamation costs
|
||
|
||
may vary by the problem types among sites and the severity
|
||
of hazards. According to OSMRE, the states and tribes have
|
||
estimated total unfunded costs for the reclamation of
|
||
eligible sites of approximately $11.5 billion to date. States
|
||
and tribes periodically update estimates of unfunded
|
||
reclamation costs as site conditions or the understandings of
|
||
these conditions may change and as new sites may be
|
||
identified.
|
||
|
||
State and Tribal Reclamation Programs
|
||
Pursuant to Section 405 of SMCRA, states and tribes must
|
||
first obtain OSMRE approval of their reclamation programs
|
||
to be eligible for grants from the Abandoned Mine
|
||
Reclamation Fund. The grants are distributed among
|
||
eligible states and tribes based on a statutory formula to
|
||
calculate their respective shares of annual coal reclamation
|
||
fee receipts based on current and historical coal production.
|
||
States with greater historical coal production generally have
|
||
more reclamation needs to address affected lands and
|
||
waters. A total of 25 coal production states and three tribes
|
||
with federally approved mine reclamation programs are
|
||
eligible for these grants,
|
||
|
||
Certification
|
||
|
||
Section 411 of SMCRA authorizes OSMRE to certify a
|
||
state or tribe once it demonstrates that it has reclaimed all
|
||
of its priority abandoned coal mining sites. Five states and
|
||
three tribes are certified: Crow Tribe, Hopi Tribe,
|
||
Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Navajo Nation, Texas,
|
||
and Wyoming, Since FY2008, certified states and tribes
|
||
receive state and tribal share payments from the General
|
||
Fund in lieu of the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund.
|
||
|
||
States with OSMRE-approved coal reclamation programs
|
||
that have not reclaimed all of their priority abandoned coal
|
||
mining sites are uncertified states. Twenty states are
|
||
uncertified: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois,
|
||
Indiana, lowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, New
|
||
Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,
|
||
Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia, The
|
||
remaining states either did not have historical coal
|
||
production or have not established an OSMRE-approved
|
||
state program
|
||
|
||
UMWA Health and Pension Benefit
|
||
Plans
|
||
|
||
In addition to employer contributions, Title IV of SMCRA
|
||
authorizes two sources of federal financial assistance for
|
||
three United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) plans that
|
||
provide health benefits for coal mine worker retirees
|
||
interest transfers from the Abandoned Mine Reclamation
|
||
Fund and payments from the General Fund of the U.S.
|
||
‘Treasury, which supplement the interest transfers. None of
|
||
|
||
https://ersreports.congress.gov
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress
|
||
|
||
https://crsreports.congress.gov
|
||
|
||
the coal reclamation fees credited to the Abandoned Mine
|
||
Reclamation Fund fund the UMWA plans.
|
||
|
||
In the 116th Congress, the Bipartisan American Miners Act
|
||
(P.L. 116-94; Further Consolidated Appropriations Act,
|
||
2020, Division M) amended Section 402 of SMCRA to
|
||
expand the eligibility of the UMWA health plans to receive
|
||
federal funding and authorizes General Fund payments to
|
||
the UMWA pension plan. Under that act, the aggregate
|
||
amount of General Fund payments to certified states and
|
||
tribes, UMWA health plans, and the UMWA pension plan
|
||
are subject to a $750 million cap annually. Annual
|
||
payments to certified states and tribes are provided first,
|
||
then supplemental payments to UMWA health plans, and
|
||
any remaining funds amount up to $750 million annually
|
||
are to be transferred to the UMWA pension plan.
|
||
|
||
The American Miner Benefits Improvement Act of 2020
|
||
(Division Y, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, P.L.
|
||
116-260) further amended Section 402(h) of SMCRA to
|
||
expand the eligibility for federal financial assistance from
|
||
the General Fund to coal mineworker retirees whose health
|
||
care benefits would be denied or reduced as a result of a
|
||
bankruptcy commenced on or after January 1, 2020.
|
||
Additionally, Congress amended Section 402(h) to increase
|
||
the annual $750 million General Fund spending cap as
|
||
necessary to meet any additional financial obligations due
|
||
to increased eligibility for these health care benefits.
|
||
|
||
Receipts and Appropriations
|
||
As authorized in Section 402 of SMCRA, the Abandoned
|
||
Mine Reclamation Fund is financed by fees collected from
|
||
operators of coal mining sites based on the volume or value
|
||
of coal produced, whichever is less. Prior to the enactment
|
||
of the 2006 amendments to SMCRA (P.L. 109-432,
|
||
Division C, Title II), OSMRE distributed grants to both
|
||
certified and uncertified states and tribes from the
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund subject to annual
|
||
appropriations. Annual appropriations were generally lower
|
||
than annual coal reclamation fees collected prior to the
|
||
2006 amendments, resulting in an accumulation in the
|
||
unappropriated balance of the Abandoned Mine
|
||
Reclamation Fund. The 2006 amendments to SMCRA
|
||
authorized permanent appropriations to OSMRE to
|
||
administer grants to eligible states and tribes beginning in
|
||
FY2008.
|
||
|
||
For uncertified states, OSMRE administers state share
|
||
grants, historic coal grants (based on coal production prior
|
||
to SMCRA’s enactment), and minimum program make up
|
||
funds (grants to ensure uncertified states receive at least $3
|
||
million each annually) from the Abandoned Mine
|
||
Reclamation Fund. Other appropriations from the
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund include interest
|
||
transfers to UMWA plans and OSMRE program funding.
|
||
OSMRE program funding is subject to annual
|
||
appropriations.
|
||
|
||
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
|
||
of 2021
|
||
Enacted on November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure
|
||
Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58) reauthorized
|
||
|
||
the coal reclamation fee under Section 402 of SMCRA and
|
||
provided $11.293 billion in emergency appropriations to the
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund. The IIJA extends the
|
||
authority to collect the coal fee for 13 years, until the end of
|
||
FY2034, and decreases the fee rates from prior law by 20%
|
||
for underground and surface mining, and lignite coal.
|
||
Whether the reduction in the coal fee rates would decrease
|
||
future coal receipts would depend on the quantity or value
|
||
of coal produced upon which the fees are based.
|
||
|
||
The IIJA authorizes a transfer from the General Fund of the
|
||
U.S. Treasury to provide $11.293 billion in emergency
|
||
appropriation to the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund.
|
||
This amount is similar in magnitude to the estimates of the
|
||
unfunded reclamation costs. None of this funding would be
|
||
sourced from coal reclamation fees. The $11.293 billion
|
||
would provide grants to eligible uncertified and certified
|
||
states and tribes, in equivalent amounts over a 15-year
|
||
period, based on relative percent of coal production prior to
|
||
1977. The IIJA includes provisions that states and tribes are
|
||
required to receive at least $20 million, to the extent that the
|
||
amount needed for reclamation projects is not less than $20
|
||
million. Provisions in the IIJA limit the use of grants from
|
||
the $11.293 billion to uncertified and certified states and
|
||
tribes for the reclamation of abandoned coal mining sites
|
||
under Section 403(a), Section 403(b), and emergency
|
||
projects under Section 410 of SMCRA. In addition to the
|
||
priorities in Section 403 of SMCRA, the IIJA authorizes
|
||
states and tribes to consider AML projects that may provide
|
||
employment to former workers of the coal industry.
|
||
|
||
The coal reclamation fee collection authorization expires at
|
||
the end of FY2034. If the authority to collect reclamation
|
||
fees is not reauthorized, SMCRA directs the remaining
|
||
balance of the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund to be
|
||
distributed among states and tribes receiving grants from
|
||
the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund until the balance is
|
||
expended. Congress included provisions in the IIJA that
|
||
would require OSMRE to evaluate grant payments to states
|
||
and tribes not later than 20 years after enactment. Upon that
|
||
evaluation, states and tribes would be required to return any
|
||
“unused funds” to the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund.
|
||
|
||
Other Title IV SMCRA Legislation
|
||
Other legislation introduced in the 117th Congress also
|
||
proposed to reauthorized the coal fee, but at different rates
|
||
and different time frames than the provisions enacted in the
|
||
IIJA (H.R. 1734, H.R. 2462, S. 1447, S. 1600). Versions of
|
||
the RECLAIM Act (H.R. 1733 and S. 1455) would also
|
||
authorize $1 billion from the Abandoned Mine Reclamation
|
||
Fund for AML reclamation projects that promote economic
|
||
and community development. House and Senate versions of
|
||
the RECLAIM Act would authorize $1 billion over five
|
||
years from the unappropriated balance of the Abandoned
|
||
Mine Reclamation Fund for the reclamation of abandoned
|
||
coal mining sites as a means to facilitate economic and
|
||
community development in coal production states.
|
||
|
||
Lance N. Larson, Analyst in Environmental Policy
|
||
|
||
IF11352
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
‘The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress
|
||
|
||
the coal reclamation fees credited to the Abandoned Mine
|
||
Reclamation Fund fund the UMWA plans.
|
||
|
||
In the 116" Congress, the Bipartisan American Miners Act
|
||
(PLL. 116-94; Further Consolidated Appropriations Act,
|
||
2020, Division M) amended Section 402 of SMCRA to
|
||
expand the eligibility of the UMWA health plans to receive
|
||
federal funding and authorizes General Fund payments to
|
||
the UMWA pension plan. Under that act, the aggregate
|
||
amount of General Fund payments to certified states and
|
||
tribes, UMWA health plans, and the UMWA pension plan
|
||
are subject to a $750 million cap annually. Annual
|
||
payments to certified states and tribes are provided first,
|
||
then supplemental payments to UMWA health plans, and
|
||
any remaining funds amount up to $750 million annually
|
||
are to be transferred to the UMWA pension plan.
|
||
|
||
‘The American Miner Benefits Improvement Act of 2020
|
||
(Division Y, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, P.L.
|
||
116-260) further amended Section 402(h) of SMCRA to
|
||
expand the eligibility for federal financial assistance from
|
||
the General Fund to coal mineworker retirees whose health.
|
||
care benefits would be denied or reduced as a result of a
|
||
bankruptcy commenced on or after January 1, 2020.
|
||
Additionally, Congress amended Section 402(h) to increase
|
||
the annual $750 million General Fund spending cap as
|
||
necessary to meet any additional financial obligations due
|
||
to increased eligibility for these health care be
|
||
|
||
Receipts and Appropriations
|
||
As authorized in Section 402 of SMCRA, the Abandoned
|
||
Mine Reclamation Fund is financed by fees collected from
|
||
‘operators of coal mining sites based on the volume or value
|
||
of coal produced, whichever is less. Prior to the enactment
|
||
of the 2006 amendments to SMCRA (P.L. 109-432,
|
||
Division C, Title 11), OSMRE distributed grants to both
|
||
certified and uncertified states and tribes from the
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund subject to annual
|
||
appropriations. Annual appropriations were generally lower
|
||
than annual coal reclamation fees collected prior to the
|
||
2006 amendments, resulting in an accumulation in the
|
||
tunappropriated balance of the Abandoned Mine
|
||
Reclamation Fund. The 2006 amendments to SMCRA
|
||
authorized permanent appropriations to OSMRE to
|
||
administer grants to eligible states and tribes beginning in
|
||
FY2008.
|
||
|
||
For uncertified states, OSMRE administers state share
|
||
grants, historic coal grants (based on coal production prior
|
||
to SMCRA’s enactment), and minimum program make up
|
||
funds (grants to ensure uncertified states receive at least $3
|
||
million each annually) from the Abandoned Mine
|
||
Reclamation Fund. Other appropriations from the
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund include interest
|
||
transfers to UMWA plans and OSMRE program funding
|
||
OSMRE program funding is subject to annual
|
||
appropriations.
|
||
|
||
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
|
||
of 2021
|
||
|
||
Enacted on November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure
|
||
Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58) reauthorized
|
||
|
||
the coal reclamation fee under Section 402 of SMCRA and
|
||
provided $1 1.293 billion in emergency appropriations to the
|
||
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund. The IIJA extends the
|
||
authority to collect the coal fee for 13 years, until the end of
|
||
FY2034, and decreases the fee rates from prior law by 20%
|
||
for underground and surface mining, and lignite coal.
|
||
Whether the reduction in the coal fee rates would decrease
|
||
future coal receipts would depend on the quantity or value
|
||
of coal produced upon which the fees are based.
|
||
|
||
The IIJA authorizes a transfer from the General Fund of the
|
||
USS. Treasury to provide $11.293 billion in emergency
|
||
appropriation to the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund.
|
||
This amount is similar in magnitude to the estimates of the
|
||
unfunded reclamation costs. None of this funding would be
|
||
sourced from coal reclamation fees. The $11.293 billion
|
||
would provide grants to eligible uncertified and certified
|
||
states and tribes, in equivalent amounts over a 15-year
|
||
period, based on relative percent of coal production prior to
|
||
1977. The ILIA includes provisions that states and tribes are
|
||
required to receive at least $20 million, to the extent that the
|
||
‘amount needed for reclamation projects is not less than $20
|
||
million. Provisions in the ILJA limit the use of grants from
|
||
the $11.293 billion to uncertified and certified states and
|
||
tribes for the reclamation of abandoned coal mining sites
|
||
under Section 403(a), Section 403(b), and emergency
|
||
projects under Section 410 of SMCRA. In addition to the
|
||
priorities in Section 403 of SMCRA, the IIJA authorizes
|
||
states and tribes to consider AML projects that may provide
|
||
‘employment to former workers of the coal industry.
|
||
|
||
The coal reclamation fee collection authorization expires at
|
||
the end of FY2034. If the authority to collect reclamation
|
||
fees is not reauthorized, SMCRA directs the remaining
|
||
balance of the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund to be
|
||
distributed among states and tribes receiving grants from
|
||
the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund until the balance is
|
||
‘expended. Congress included provisions in the IJA that
|
||
‘would require OSMRE to evaluate grant payments to states
|
||
and tribes not later than 20 years after enactment. Upon that
|
||
evaluation, states and tribes would be required to return any
|
||
“unused funds” to the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund.
|
||
|
||
Other Title IV SMCRA Legislation
|
||
|
||
Other legislation introduced in the 117" Congress also
|
||
proposed to reauthorized the coal fee, but at different rates
|
||
‘and different time frames than the provisions enacted in the
|
||
IVA (LR. 1734, H.R. 2462, S. 1447, S. 1600). Versions of
|
||
the RECLAIM Act (H.R. 1733 and S. 1455) would also
|
||
authorize $1 billion from the Abandoned Mine Reclamation
|
||
Fund for AML reclamation projects that promote economic
|
||
and community development. House and Senate versions of
|
||
the RECLAIM Act would authorize $1 billion over five
|
||
‘years from the unappropriated balance of the Abandoned
|
||
Mine Reclamation Fund for the reclamation of abandoned
|
||
coal mining sites as a means to facilitate economic and
|
||
‘community development in coal production states.
|
||
|
||
Lance N. Larson, Analyst in Environmental Policy
|
||
|
||
1F11352
|
||
|
||
https://ersreports.congress.gov
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress
|
||
|
||
https://crsreports.congress.gov | IF11352 · VERSION 3 · UPDATED
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Disclaimer
|
||
|
||
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to
|
||
congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.
|
||
Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has
|
||
been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the
|
||
United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be
|
||
reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include
|
||
copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you
|
||
wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
https://crsreports.congress.gov/
|
||
‘The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress
|
||
|
||
Disclaimer
|
||
|
||
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to
|
||
congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.
|
||
Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has
|
||
‘been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS's institutional role, CRS Reports, as a work of the
|
||
United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be
|
||
reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include
|
||
copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you
|
||
wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material
|
||
|
||
https://ersreports.congress.gov | IF 11352 - VERSION 3 - UPDATED
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
2022-01-07T13:28:18-0500
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|