1809 lines
61 KiB
HTML
1809 lines
61 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
|
||
|
||
<!-- Mirrored from www.osmre.gov/programs/training/flight93 by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Thu, 02 May 2024 20:56:34 GMT -->
|
||
<!-- Added by HTTrack --><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /><!-- /Added by HTTrack -->
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-39841921-1"></script>
|
||
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-39841921-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path"});gtag("config", "G-G355EEB84R", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location"});gtag("config", "GT-TBBPP6M", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location"});</script>
|
||
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
|
||
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
|
||
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="../../themes/custom/osmre/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="flight93.html" />
|
||
<link rel="shortlink" href="flight93.html" />
|
||
|
||
<title>Flight 93 National Memorial | Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement</title>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/ajax-progress.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/autocomplete-loading.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/progress.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/sticky-header.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/tabledrag.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://www.osmre.gov/core/modules/system/css/components/tree-child.module.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../modules/contrib/uswds_paragraph_components/modules/uswds_paragraph_components_alerts/css/uswds-paragraph-components?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../modules/contrib/uswds_paragraph_components/modules/uswds_paragraph_components_cards/css/uswds-paragraph-components-?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../modules/contrib/uswds_paragraph_components/modules/uswds_paragraph_components_columns/css/uswds-paragraph-component?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../modules/contrib/uswds_paragraph_components/modules/uswds_paragraph_components_modal/css/uswds-paragraph-components-?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../modules/contrib/uswds_paragraph_components/modules/uswds_paragraph_components_step_indicato/uswds-paragraph-compone?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../modules/contrib/ds/css/ds-3col-stacked-fluid6878.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished6878.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../modules/contrib/dismissible_message_bar/css/dissmissable_message_bar6878.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="../../themes/custom/osmre/assets/css/style6878.css?scv7cu" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="../../../kit.fontawesome.com/e701cb4bd8.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
||
<!-- We participate in the US government's analytics program. See the data at analytics.usa.gov. -->
|
||
<script async type="text/javascript" src="../../../dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Minf2b9.js?agency=OSMRE" id="_fed_an_ua_tag"></script>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<a href="#main-content" class="usa-skipnav">
|
||
Skip to main content
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
|
||
<section class="usa-banner">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-banner">
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion">
|
||
<header class="usa-banner__header">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="../../themes/custom/osmre/assets/uswds/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto">
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p>
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here's how you know</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner">
|
||
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here's how you know</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner" hidden="">
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="../../themes/custom/osmre/assets/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov">
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong>
|
||
<br>
|
||
A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="../../themes/custom/osmre/assets/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https">
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong>
|
||
<br>
|
||
A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false">
|
||
<title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title>
|
||
<desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc>
|
||
<path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</span>
|
||
) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section class="site-alert">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div id="block-dmbnotificationsblock" class="settings-tray-editable block block-dismissible-message-bar block-dmb-notifications-block" data-drupal-settingstray="editable">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div><div class="dmb-notifications-ajax-wrapper"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
|
||
|
||
<header class="usa-header usa-header--extended usa-header--extended-megamenu osmre-header" id="header" role="banner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="region region-header usa-navbar" role="banner">
|
||
<div class="usa-logo site-logo osmre-logo" id="logo">
|
||
|
||
<em class="usa-logo__text">
|
||
|
||
<a class="logo-img" href="../../index.html" accesskey="1" title="Home" aria-label="Home">
|
||
<img src="../../themes/custom/osmre/OSMLogoColor.png" alt="Home" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../index.html" accesskey="1" title="Home" aria-label="Home">
|
||
<span>U.S. Department of the Interior</span>
|
||
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</em>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="usa-nav" role="navigation">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__inner">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-nav__close">
|
||
<img src="../../themes/custom/osmre/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons/close.svg" alt="close"/>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion osmre-nav__primary" role="navigation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-1">
|
||
<span>About OSMRE</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu osmre-menu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-header">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="Read about OSMRE" href="../../about.html">
|
||
<span><h3>About OSMRE</h3></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-row">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE Contacts" class="usa-nav__link" href="../../about/general-information.html">
|
||
<span><strong>General Information</strong></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../contact-us/map.html" title="OSMRE Map" >
|
||
<span>OSMRE Map</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../contact-us/state-tribal-contacts.html" title="State & Tribal Contacts" >
|
||
<span>State and Tribal Contacts</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="Our Mission and Vision Statements" class="usa-nav__link" href="../../about/mission-and-vision.html">
|
||
<span><strong>Mission & Vision</strong></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../about/history.html" title="OSMRE History" >
|
||
<span>History</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE Offices" class="usa-nav__link" href="../../about/offices.html">
|
||
<span><strong>Offices and Organizations</strong></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../about/principal-deputy-director.html" title="OSMRE Principal Deputy Director" >
|
||
<span>OSMRE Principal Deputy Director</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../about/deputy-director.html" title="Deputy Director of OSMRE" >
|
||
<span>OSMRE Deputy Director</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../about/youth-volunteers.html" title="Information for Youth and Volunteers" >
|
||
<span>Volunteers and Internships</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-2">
|
||
<span>Programs</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu osmre-menu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-header">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE's main programs" href="../../programs.html">
|
||
<span><h3>Programs</h3></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-row">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="Reclaiming Abandoned Mine Lands" class="usa-nav__link" href="../reclaiming-abandoned-mine-lands.html">
|
||
<span><strong>Reclaiming Abandoned Mine Lands</strong></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../abandoned-mine-land-awards-program.html" title="AML Awards" >
|
||
<span>Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Awards</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../reclaiming-abandoned-mine-lands/amler.html" >
|
||
<span>AML Economic Revitalization (AMLER) Program</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../reclaiming-abandoned-mine-lands/amdtreat.html" title="AMDTreat" >
|
||
<span>AMDTreat</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../reclamation-in-action.html" title="Reclamation in Action" >
|
||
<span>Reclamation in Action</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../e-amlis.html" title="e-AMLIS" >
|
||
<span>e-AMLIS</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="Regulating Active Coal Mines" class="usa-nav__link" href="../regulating-active-coal-mines.html">
|
||
<span><strong>Regulating Active Coal Mines</strong></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../regulating-active-coal-mines/excellence-in-surface-coal-mining-reclamation-awards.html" title="Active Mine Awards" >
|
||
<span>Excellence in Surface Coal Mining Reclamation Awards</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../avs.html" title="Applicant Violator System" >
|
||
<span>Applicant Violator System</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../regulating-active-coal-mines/blasting.html" title="Blasting " >
|
||
<span>Blasting </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://sscr.osmre.gov/" title="Coal Reclamation Fee Report" >
|
||
<span>Coal Reclamation Fee Report</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../regulating-active-coal-mines/compliance-management.html" title="Compliance Management" >
|
||
<span>Compliance Management</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../regulating-active-coal-mines/chia.html" title="Cumulative Hydrologic Impact Assessment" >
|
||
<span>Cumulative Hydrologic Impact Assessment</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../regulating-active-coal-mines/federal-lands.html" >
|
||
<span>Federal Lands</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../regulating-active-coal-mines/indian-lands.html" >
|
||
<span>Indian Lands</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://www.odocs.osmre.gov/" title="Oversight Document Database (O-Docs)" >
|
||
<span>Oversight Document Database (O-Docs)</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../regulating-active-coal-mines/oversight.html" title="Oversight" >
|
||
<span>State and Tribal Oversight</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="Technology Development and Transfer Program" class="usa-nav__link" href="../technology-and-transfer-program.html">
|
||
<span><strong>Technology Development and Transfer Program</strong></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../science.html" title="Science" >
|
||
<span>Science</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../technology.html" title="Technology" >
|
||
<span>Technology</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../training.html" title="OSMRE Training" >
|
||
<span>Training</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../arri.html" title="Appalachian Region Reforestation Initiative (ARRI)" >
|
||
<span>Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-3">
|
||
<span>Laws & Regulations</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu osmre-menu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-header">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE's Laws and Regulations" href="../../laws-and-regulations.html">
|
||
<span><h3>Laws & Regulations</h3></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-row">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../laws-and-regulations/authorizations-to-proceed.html" title="The process in which individual projects are requested and approved is called the Authorization to Proceed (ATP)." >
|
||
<span>Authorizations to Proceed</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../bil.html" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act" >
|
||
<span>Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../laws-and-regulations/chronology-of-major-smrca-related-events.html" title="Chronology of Major SMCRA-Related Events " >
|
||
<span>Chronology of Major SMCRA-Related Events</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../laws-and-regulations/directives.html" title="Directives" >
|
||
<span>Directives</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../laws-and-regulations/environmental-justice.html" title="Environmental Justice" >
|
||
<span>Environmental Justice</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../laws-and-regulations/federal-register-notices.html" title="Federal Register Documentation" >
|
||
<span>Federal Register Notices</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../laws-and-regulations/information-quality.html" title="Information Quality " >
|
||
<span>Information Quality </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="National Environmental Policy Act" class="usa-nav__link" href="../../laws-and-regulations/nepa.html">
|
||
<span><strong>National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)</strong></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-8" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../laws-and-regulations/nepa/projects.html" >
|
||
<span>NEPA Projects and Documentation</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../laws-and-regulations/scientific-integrity.html" title="Scientific Integrity " >
|
||
<span>Scientific Integrity </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-4">
|
||
<span>Resources</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu osmre-menu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-header">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE's Resources and Documents" href="../../resources.html">
|
||
<span><h3>Resources</h3></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-row">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/a-z-index.html" title="A-Z Index " >
|
||
<span>A-Z Index </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/annual-reports.html" title="Annual Reports " >
|
||
<span>Annual Reports </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/budget-and-planning.html" title="Budget and Planning" >
|
||
<span>Budget and Planning</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/careers.html" title="Information for Prospective Employees " >
|
||
<span>Careers at OSMRE</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/coalex-reports.html" title="Coalex Reports " >
|
||
<span>Coalex Reports </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/education-outreach.html" title="Education & Outreach" >
|
||
<span>Education & Outreach</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/federal-assistance-manual.html" title="Federal Assistance Manual (FAM)" >
|
||
<span>Federal Assistance Manual</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/forms.html" title="Forms, Applications, and Instructions" >
|
||
<span>Forms, Applications, and Instructions</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/faqs.html" title="FAQs" >
|
||
<span>Frequently Asked Questions</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/glossary.html" title="Glossary " >
|
||
<span>Glossary </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/grants-resources.html" title="Grants an" >
|
||
<span>Grants and Funding Opportunities</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/reclamation-bonds.html" title="Reclamation Bonds " >
|
||
<span>Reclamation Bonds </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/sustainability.html" title="OSMRE Sustainable Procurement Plan (SPP)" >
|
||
<span>Sustainability</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../resources/tribal-consultation.html" >
|
||
<span>Tribal Consultation</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../vulnerability-disclosure-policy.html" title="Vulnerability Disclosure Policy" >
|
||
<span>Vulnerability Disclosure Policy</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-5">
|
||
<span>Newsroom</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu osmre-menu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-header">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<a title="News and communications from the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement." href="../../news/newsroom.html">
|
||
<span><h3>Newsroom</h3></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="osmre-menu-row">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../news/archive.html" title="OSMRE's News Archive" >
|
||
<span>Archive</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../newsroom/fact-sheets.html" title="OSMRE Fact Sheets" >
|
||
<span>Fact Sheets</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../news.html" title="Most Recent OSMRE News Releases" >
|
||
<span>News Releases</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../news/social-media.html" title="Join the conversation with OSMRE on social media" >
|
||
<span>Social Media</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../news/stories.html" title="Stories" >
|
||
<span>Stories</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__secondary">
|
||
<form class="usa-search usa-search--small" action="https://www.osmre.gov/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8">
|
||
<div role="search">
|
||
|
||
<input class="usa-input" id="extended-search-field-small" type="search" name="keys" />
|
||
<button class="usa-button" type="submit">
|
||
<img
|
||
src="../../themes/custom/osmre/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg"
|
||
class="usa-search__submit-icon"
|
||
alt="Search" />
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="usa-nav__secondary-links">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__secondary-item">
|
||
<a title="Definitions for vocabulary found on OSMRE.gov" href="../../resources/a-z-index.html">
|
||
A-Z Index
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<main class="main-content usa-layout-docs usa-section osmre-section" role="main"
|
||
id="main-content">
|
||
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap osmre-row">
|
||
<aside
|
||
class="usa-layout-docs__sidenav desktop:grid-col-3 layout-sidebar-first osmre-sidebar-first"
|
||
role="complementary">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-subsectiontrainingmenu" class="settings-tray-editable" data-drupal-settingstray="editable">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="usa-sidenav osmre-sidenav ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-sidenav__item first">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE Programs" href="../../programs.html">
|
||
<span>Programs</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-sidenav__item expanded dropdown last">
|
||
<a title="Training" href="../training.html">
|
||
<span>Training</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="usa-sidenav__sublist osmre-sidenav__sublist ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-sidenav__item first">
|
||
<a title="National Technical Training Program (NTTP)" href="../national-technical-training-program.html">
|
||
<span>National Technical Training Program</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
|
||
<a title="Technical Innovation and Professional Services (TIPS)" href="../technical-innovation-and-professional-services.html">
|
||
<span>Technical Innovation and Professional Services</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-sidenav__item last">
|
||
<a href="instructor-info.html">
|
||
<span>Instructor Information</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</aside>
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-layout-docs__main desktop:grid-col-9 osmre-layout-docs__main">
|
||
|
||
<h1 class="margin-0">
|
||
<span>Flight 93 National Memorial</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-osmre-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="node node--type-simple-page node--view-mode-full ds-3col-stacked-fluid clearfix">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="group-header">
|
||
|
||
<div><p>In October 2012, OSMRE provided more than $300,000 to the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/flni/index.htm">Flight 93 National Memorial.</a> The grant was used to clean up acid mine drainage from an underground coal mine near the Flight 93 crash site.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The money came from civil penalties levied against mine operators that violated federal mining law. The money was used to benefit both the environment and visitors. Learn more on how these funds were used in the video on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eD--Oys0X8">OSMRE's Flight 93 Memorial Grant.</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-accordion paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--772">
|
||
<!-- Use the accurate heading level to maintain the document outline -->
|
||
<h2 class="usa-accordion__heading">
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="772-0239">
|
||
Background on the Flight 93 Site
|
||
</button>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div id="772-0239" class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-field paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--766">
|
||
<div class="paragraph__column">
|
||
|
||
<div><p>The site sits about five miles from Shanksville, PA, and the memorial’s design acknowledges that Flight 93’s final resting spot is tied closely to coal mining. Note the use of black, signifying coal’s place in this part of Pennsylvania, on the benches and the representation of the aircraft’s flight path.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The memorial is surrounded by an area known as Lambert’s Run, named after the family who owned much of the area. This map shows the various projects now under way to make the memorial a more complete acknowledgement of the sacrifice of the passengers and crew.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 class="usa-accordion__heading">
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="772-1891">
|
||
Study of Flight 93 Treatment Options
|
||
</button>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div id="772-1891" class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-field paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--768">
|
||
<div class="paragraph__column">
|
||
|
||
<div><p>After a year of study, OSMRE determined that aerating the water from an existing pump well system would help separate the iron, increasing water quality. The study also indicated the site and the environment would benefit more with the construction of a wetland area, including a wide diversity of water-borne plants, similar to this previously built pond. Plants are very effective in binding the iron to themselves, removing the mineral from the water.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Earlier passive methods of cleaning the acid tainted water are effective to a great extent, but not completely. The Families of Flight 93, who now own Lambert’s Run, have asked the various groups to minimize the footprint of the treatment plan, which poses a challenge both from an engineering and aesthetic standpoint.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 class="usa-accordion__heading">
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="772-2111">
|
||
Tour the Flight 93 Treatment Site
|
||
</button>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div id="772-2111" class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-field paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--770">
|
||
<div class="paragraph__column">
|
||
|
||
<div><h3>Flight 93 Site Plan</h3>
|
||
<p>The <a class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="fc715e10-05a5-4540-9c72-757974dc604c" filename="2012-Flight93Drawings.pdf" href="../../sites/default/files/inline-files/2012-Flight93Drawings.pdf">Flight 93 site plan drawings,</a> prepared by the US Department of Agriculture, were produced as part of the OSMRE grant. </p>
|
||
<p><strong>Tour the Treatment Site</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Illustrations were developed to depict what is occurring at the Flight 93 Memorial within the pond-wetland treatment system to remove iron from the mine water.</p>
|
||
<p>View the illustrations here: </p>
|
||
<p><a href="https://www.arcc.osmre.gov/programs/TDT/solidsFeRemoval-IllustrationsOSMRE-Flight93event.pdf">Enhanced Solids Fe Removal Illustration</a></p>
|
||
<p><a class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="82afbf56-0d3a-44ef-bef2-b116c3078e8f" filename="posters-OSMRE-Flight93event.pdf" href="../../sites/default/files/inline-files/posters-OSMRE-Flight93event.pdf">Flight 93 Memorial Tour Stops 1-5</a></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Stop 1: Venturi Site - Pumped Discharge</li>
|
||
<li>Stop 2: Outlet Pond 3/Inlet to Pond 4</li>
|
||
<li>Stop 3: Inlet of Engineered Wetland</li>
|
||
<li>Stop 4: Wetland Outlet</li>
|
||
<li>Stop 5: Manganese Removal Bed</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--page-text paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--773">
|
||
<div class="paragraph__column">
|
||
|
||
<div><h2>Water Treatment Systems</h2>
|
||
<p>The Flight 93 Passive Treatment System involves both the removal of enhanced solids iron using ponds as a wetland and the removal of manganese at circumneutral pH using limestone beds. </p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-accordion paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--782">
|
||
<!-- Use the accurate heading level to maintain the document outline -->
|
||
<h2 class="usa-accordion__heading">
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="782-0812">
|
||
Common Treatment Methods for Metal Concentration
|
||
</button>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div id="782-0812" class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-field paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--774">
|
||
<div class="paragraph__column">
|
||
|
||
<div><p>Achieving total metal concentrations of less than 2.0 mg/L can be very challenging at mine drainage treatment sites. Recent implementation of total maximum daily load and other water quality standards have lowered effluent criteria for total metal concentrations to less than 2.0 mg/L in many watersheds. Historically, low total metal concentrations in the effluent have been achieved by using a high treatment pH or the use of flocculants. Both treatment strategies result in increased treatment costs and additional labor to ensure proper dose.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 class="usa-accordion__heading">
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="782-1788">
|
||
The Usage of Ponds with a Wetland
|
||
</button>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div id="782-1788" class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-field paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--776">
|
||
<div class="paragraph__column">
|
||
|
||
<div><p>An extremely effective alternative to these strategies is to use a pond followed by a wetland to enhance solids removal. This treatment strategy can achieve total suspended metal concentrations of less than 2 mg/L.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The use of wetlands for mine drainage treatment has existed for several decades. The specific application of using wetlands to enhance solids removal to achieve less than 2 mg/L of solids concentrations is relatively new. Ponds and clarifiers use gravity as the primary settling mechanism. This mechanism is only effective if particles flocculate (growth of particles) to form non-buoyant suspended solids that can be pulled to the bottom of a pond by gravity. At times, small amounts of suspended particles fail to flocculate to form dense particles and remain in the water as “pin floc.” Pin Floc is often responsible for effluent violations when effluent criteria for total metals are less than 2 mg/L. Pin Floc contain charged surfaces (see diagram) that promotes electrical repulsion between particles and prevents particles from flocculating to form a non-buoyant floc. The overall surface charge on iron hydroxide floc is typically net positive at pHs below 8 (see graph). Humic organic matter (HOM) in wetlands is instrumental in helping to reduce electrical repulsion and allowing particles to settle by releasing humic carboxyl and phenolic groups into the water column.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Like a commercial anionic organic polymer, these groups contain a negative charge that will neutralize the positive surface charge of the iron hydroxide particle, promoting flocculation and settling. Furthermore, a dense growth of wetland plants improves settling through the physical impaction of particles into plant material. The impaction causes flocculated particles to lose momentum and initiate settling, much like a baffle in a pond. Combined, the mechanisms can routinely achieve suspended metal concentrations of less than 2.0.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>RESULTS</strong><br>
|
||
The pond-wetland treatment system on memorial grounds treats a 1,200 gallon-per-minute discharge to a total iron concentration of less than 1.0 mg/L.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 class="usa-accordion__heading">
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="782-2343">
|
||
Common Treatment Methods for Manganese
|
||
</button>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div id="782-2343" class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-field paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--778">
|
||
<div class="paragraph__column">
|
||
|
||
<div><p>The most common method used to achieve manganese effluent standards is to use an alkali chemical to increase pH to 9.5 and precipitate Manganese Hydroxide. While effective, this method results in elevated chemical consumption and increased sludge production due to various nuisance reactions at occur at high pH.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 class="usa-accordion__heading">
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="782-3850">
|
||
The Usage of Limestone Beds
|
||
</button>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div id="782-3850" class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-field paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--780">
|
||
<div class="paragraph__column">
|
||
|
||
<div><p>During the past 15 years, the use of limestone beds to passively remove manganese at a pH between 6 and 8 has been refined. The technology uses biotic reactions to precipitate manganese onto the surface of limestone. These beds have been proven to be easy to construct, highly effective, and low maintenance. Several sites have produced NPDES compliant water for over 15 years.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>RESULTS</strong><br>
|
||
The manganese removal bed, installed on the Flight 93 memorial grounds, treats a 80 gallon-per-minute discharge to a total manganese concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="group-footer">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main>
|
||
|
||
<footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--big" role="contentinfo">
|
||
<div class="grid-container usa-footer__return-to-top">
|
||
<a href="#">Return to top</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__primary-section osmre-footer-links">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__primary-content">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="tablet:grid-col-12">
|
||
<nav class="usa-footer__nav">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-4">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col">
|
||
<section class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible">
|
||
<strong><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="../../about.html">About OSMRE</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="A-Z Index" href="../../resources/a-z-index.html">A-Z Index</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="General Information about OSMRE" href="../../about/general-information.html">General Information</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE's Mission and Vision" href="../../mission_and_vision.html">OSMRE Mission & Vision</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="Organization Chart for the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement" href="../../sites/default/files/inline-files/OSMRE-Organization-Chart-For-OSMRE.gov_.pdf">OSMRE Organization Chart</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="State and Tribal Contacts" href="../../contact-us/state-tribal-contacts.html">State and Tribal Contacts</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col">
|
||
<section class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible">
|
||
<strong><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="../../resources.html">Resources</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="Accessibility" href="https://www.doi.gov/accessibility">Accessibility</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="Cummings Act Notices" href="https://www.doi.gov/cummings-act-notices">Cummings Act Notices</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="United States Department of the Interior" href="https://www.doi.gov/">Department of the Interior</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE Website Disclaimer" href="https://www.doi.gov/disclaimer">Disclaimer</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="Freedom of Information Ax=ct" href="https://www.doi.gov/foia">Freedom of Information Act</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="No Fear Act Report Repository" href="https://www.doi.gov/pmb/eeo/reports-repository">No Fear Act Reports</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="OSMRE Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices" href="https://www.doi.gov/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="Vulnerability Disclosure Policy" href="../../vulnerability-disclosure-policy.html">Vulnerability Disclosure Policy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col">
|
||
<section class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible">
|
||
<strong><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="#">Quick Links</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="Abandoned Mine Land Inventory System (e-AMLIS) " href="../e-amlis.html">e-AMLIS</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a href="../../avs.html">Applicant Violator System</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="GeoMine" href="https://geomine.osmre.gov/">GeoMine</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="National Mine Map Repository" href="../national-mine-map-repository.html">National Mine Map Repository</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-footer__secondary-link">
|
||
<a title="Oversight Document Database (O-Docs)" href="https://www.odocs.osmre.gov/">Oversight Document Database (O-Docs)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</footer>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/876","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-39841921-1","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackDomainMode":1},"dmbNotificationEntities":{"36":{"content":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022dmb-notification\u0022 dmb-notification-id=\u002236\u0022 dmb-cookie-expiration=\u0022365\u0022 dmb-auto-dismiss=\u00220\u0022 dmb-dismiss-time=\u002215\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022dmb-notification-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cdiv\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--page-text paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--id--4886\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022paragraph__column\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022usa-alert usa-alert--info\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022usa-alert__body\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\u0022usa-alert__heading\u0022\u003EWe are soliciting comments and suggested evaluation topics from citizens, environmental groups, industry and other interested parties regarding our \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.odocs.osmre.gov\/\u0022\u003EProposed Oversight Performance Agreements\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\u0022usa-alert__text\u0022\u003EPlease submit comments for consideration between \u003Cstrong\u003EMay 1 \u2013 15, 2024\u003C\/strong\u003E, by email or in writing, to \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.osmre.gov\/contact-us\/map\u0022\u003Eyour state or tribal contact\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022\u0022 class=\u0022close-dmb-notification\u0022\u003EClose notification\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n","startTime":"2024-04-30T20:30:00+00:00","endTime":"2024-05-16T04:00:00+00:00","contentTypes":[],"sitewide":"0","pathLimit":["\/programs\/regulating-active-coal-mines\/oversight"],"excluded":[],"id":"36"}},"dmbNotifications":{"dmb-notifications-ajax-wrapper":{"notificationWrapper":".dmb-notifications-ajax-wrapper","contentType":"simple_page","contentPath":"\/programs\/training\/flight93","notificationType":""}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"2b331291da10c0688e720e94345dfc5583f4df212988c943c03fa1f0272919ae"}}</script>
|
||
<script src="https://www.osmre.gov/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://www.osmre.gov/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.2.6"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://www.osmre.gov/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.2.6"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://www.osmre.gov/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.2.6"></script>
|
||
<script src="../../modules/contrib/google_analytics/js/google_analytics514f.js?v=10.2.6"></script>
|
||
<script src="../../themes/custom/osmre/assets/uswds/js/uswds.min6878.js?scv7cu"></script>
|
||
<script src="../../modules/contrib/dismissible_message_bar/js/dismissible_message_barf9e3.js?v=1.1"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Mirrored from www.osmre.gov/programs/training/flight93 by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Thu, 02 May 2024 20:56:35 GMT -->
|
||
</html>
|